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MK: Can you tell us a little bit about the 5 Kinds of Nonfiction?
MS: We’re used to subdividing fiction into categories like mystery, science fiction, realistic fiction, and historical fiction, but in the past, we’ve just lumped all nonfiction together. The 5 Kinds of Nonfiction classification system brings clarity to the wide world of nonfiction by breaking it down into groups with specific traits.
Once students understand the characteristics of the five categories—active, browsable, traditional, expository literature, and narrative, they can quickly and easily determine the kind of information they’ll find in a book, predict how the information will be presented, and identify the kind(s) of nonfiction they enjoy reading most.
MK: What made you want to create this classification system for nonfiction?
MS: I developed this system for myself, so that I could better understand the nonfiction market and determine what kinds of manuscripts publishers would be most likely to acquire.
I began thinking about ways to classify books in 2012, but it wasn’t until 2017 that I came up with the 5 Kinds of Nonfiction. I posted it on my blog to see if it resonated with anyone else, and the response was incredible. To date, that original blog post has received more than 500,000 hits.
MK: Why is categorizing nonfiction important?
MS: It helps teachers and students identify the best books for a particular purpose.
Active nonfiction is ideal for makerspaces.
Traditional nonfiction is the best choice for early in the research process when students are “reading around” a topic.
Once students have focused their topic, they should begin looking at browsable nonfiction. It’s full of text features that allow students to easily find specific information. It’s also bursting with fun facts that can enrich student writing.
Expository literature makes the best mentor texts for informational writing because it typically features a strong voice and rich language.
MK: What types of nonfiction texts are most valuable for teachers and students?
MS: All 5 Kinds of Nonfiction are valuable in the classroom because different students are naturally drawn to different kinds of nonfiction books. Here are some examples:
“I like browseable books because you have a lot of choices about how you read. It’s like the potluck dinners at my church. ” —Matthew, fourth grader
“I like narrative nonfiction because it has characters and a story that’s a real situation.”—Miles, second grader
“My favorite category is active nonfiction because you get to do things while you
read. That makes me feel calmer.” —Jack, fourth grader
“I like expository literature because it has facts plus it can make you think about
something in a new way.” —Rowan, fourth grader
Students need to be exposed to a broad range of nonfiction as read alouds and in instruction. Teaching with text sets offers every child something they can sink their teeth into. Ideally, these set will include radio interviews, podcasts, and documentaries as well as all 5 kinds of nonfiction—and fiction too. The book Text Sets in Action by Mary Ann Cappiello and Erica Dawes is a great resource for creating these kinds of lessons.
MK: In your article "The Five Kinds of Nonfiction for Kids" you cite the fact that up to 75% of students "enjoy expository nonfiction as much as or more than narratives." I think this may surprise some adults. Why do you think kids enjoy expository text so much?
MS: People of all ages love facts, stats, ideas, and information! That’s why the TV show Jeopardy! so popular, and it’s the reason the Guinness Book of World Records is a best-seller year after year.
In the adult publishing world, nonfiction sales are strong because when readers have the power to select their own books, they often choose nonfiction. Why should children’s reading preferences be any different?
MK: If a child is new to reading nonfiction, where do you suggest they start?
MS: With a topic that fascinates them. All children are naturally curious. It’s so important to offer them a steady diet of nonfiction titles that can fuel their passion for learning about the world and their place in it.
MK: What resources do you suggest for educators who would like to learn more about the Five Kinds of Nonfiction and diversifying their collection?
MS: To get started, there are some useful resources on my website. For a more complete overview that includes dozens of easy-to-implement instructional ideas, I recommend reading 5 Kinds of Nonfiction: Enriching Reading and Writing Instruction with Children’s Books.














